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北京外國語大學(xué)2012年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試試題

招生專業(yè)：復(fù)語同聲傳譯科目名稱： 英漢互譯

（考試時(shí)間3小時(shí)，滿分150分，全部寫在答題紙上，答在試題頁上無效）

一、將下列段落譯為漢語（25分）

Print books may be under siege from the rise of e-books, but they have a tenacious hold on a particular group: children and toddlers. Their parents are insisting this next generation of readers spend their early years with old-fashioned books. This is the case even with parents who themselves are die-hard downloaders of books onto Kindles, iPads, laptops and phones. They freely acknowledge their digital double standard, saying they want their children to be surrounded by print books, to experience turning physical pages as they learn about shapes, colors and animals. Parents also say they like cuddling up with their child and a book, and fear that a shiny gadget might get all the attention. Also, if little Joey is going to spit up, a book may be easier to clean than a tablet computer.

As the adult book world turns digital at a faster rate than publishers expected, sales of e-books for titles aimed at children under 8 have barely budged. They represent less than 5 percent of total annual sales of children’s books, several publishers estimated, compared with more than 25 percent in some categories of adult books. Many print books are also bought as gifts, since the delights of an Amazon gift card are lost on most 6-year-olds. (210)

二、將下列短文譯為漢語（50分）

Like most creatures on earth, humans come equipped with a circadian clock, a roughly 24-hour internal timer that keeps our sleep patterns in sync with our planet. At least until genetics, age and our personal habits get in the way. Even though the average adult needs eight hours of sleep per night, there are “short-sleepers,” who need far less, and morning people, who, research shows, often come from families of other morning people. Then there’s the rest of us, who rely on alarm clocks.

For those who fantasize about greeting the dawn, there is hope. Sleep experts say that with a little discipline (well, actually, a lot of discipline), most people can reset their circadian clocks. But it’s not as simple as forcing yourself to go to bed earlier (you can’t make a wide-awake brain sleep). It requires inducing a sort of jet lag without leaving your time zone. And sticking it out until your body clock resets itself. And then not resetting it again.

To start, move up your wake-up time by 20 minutes a day. If you regularly rise at 8 a.m., but really want to get moving at 6 a.m., set the alarm for 7:40 on Monday. The next day, set it for 7:20 and so on. Then, after you wake up, don’t linger in bed. Hit yourself with light. In theory, you’ll gradually get sleepy about 20 minutes earlier each night, and you can facilitate the transition by avoiding extra light exposure from computers or televisions as you near bedtime.

But recalibrating your inner clock requires more commitment than many people care to give. For some, it’s almost impossible. Very early risers and longtime night owls have a hard time ever changing. Night-shift workers also struggle because they don’t get the environmental and social cues that help adjust the circadian clock. (305)

三、將下列段落譯為英語（25分）

雖然導(dǎo)致不平等的原因很多，但我們可以大體上把它們分為三類。一類是社會(huì)條件或家庭出身，例如在中國，與出生于貧困農(nóng)村的人們相比，一個(gè)出生在大城市的人通常擁有更多的收入和更好的社會(huì)處境。另外一類是自然天賦，有些人天生聰明或健壯，有些人則天生愚笨或孱弱，前者一般也會(huì)比后者擁有更多的收入并處于更好的狀況。最后一類是抱負(fù)和努力程度，在其他條件相同的情況下，更有抱負(fù)和更努力的人們通常也會(huì)有更多的收入。（196）

四、將下列短文譯為英語（50分）

從1750年以來，世界進(jìn)行了四次工業(yè)革命：第一次就是英國工業(yè)革命，中國失去了機(jī)會(huì)。第二次是十九世紀(jì)下半葉美國的工業(yè)革命，中國也同樣失去了機(jī)會(huì)。第三次工業(yè)革命，是20世紀(jì)后半葉出現(xiàn)的信息革命。當(dāng)時(shí)中國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人敏銳地認(rèn)識(shí)到了這一重大歷史變化，中國抓住了這次信息革命的重大機(jī)遇。

進(jìn)入二十一世紀(jì)，人類迎來了第四次工業(yè)革命——綠色工業(yè)革命。可以說這一次全球減排，就是綠色工業(yè)革命的標(biāo)志。我們希望這一次工業(yè)革命中國要成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者、創(chuàng)新者和驅(qū)動(dòng)者，和美國和歐盟和日本站在同一起跑線上領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這場(chǎng)革命。今后中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人面臨兩大迫切問題：一是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)中國經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型，即從高碳經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)向低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)；二是如何參與全球治理，即從國家治理轉(zhuǎn)向地區(qū)治理、全球治理。 （303）