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玄覽(xuánlǎn)

原指在深遠(yuǎn)虛凈的心境下覽知萬物，是老子提出的認(rèn)識“道”的一種方法。老子認(rèn)為，只有摒棄一切雜念與成見，保持內(nèi)心明澈如鏡，才能靜觀萬物，從而認(rèn)識“道”，體會其精要。后世文藝評論家因為“玄覽”所主張的心境與文藝創(chuàng)作及鑒賞所要求的審美心境相契合，遂用為文藝思想的重要術(shù)語，以說明文藝創(chuàng)作與鑒賞時應(yīng)具有的超越一切欲望與功利的特殊心境。

Xuanlan ( Pure-minded Contemplation )

This term was first used by Laozi as a way to understand Dao. He believed that one cannot understand Dao by calmly observing everything unless one abandons all distracting thoughts and biases, and keeps one’s mind as clear as a mirror. Later literary critics believed that the state of mind as required for xuanlan has similarities with the state of mind required for literary writing and appreciation, thus they made it an important term to mean one’s state of mind must transcend all desires and personal gains in literary writing and appreciation.

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【引例】

滌除玄覽，能無疵乎?(《老子·十章》)

佇中區(qū)以玄覽，頤情志于典墳。(陸機(jī)《文賦》)

Is it for sure that there will be no flaws when one cleanses away all distracting thoughts and watches the world with a clear, peaceful mind? (Laozi)

Standing between heaven and earth and watching the world with a clear, peaceful mind, the writer enriches and improves himself through reading great works of the past. (Lu Ji: The Art of Writing)